干货 | Behavioral + Technical,双管齐下带你搞懂面试!

  • May 15, 2018
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无论是在申请实习还是全职工作的过程中,总是少不了面试这一关。许多小伙伴们在面试的过程中还是会紧张。别慌,只要看清了面试官们的套路,咱们就能在面试中对答如流,给自己加分。

在精心的分析和整理后,我们不难发现,所有工作的面试题目都只有behavioral和technical两种套路。

1

Behavioral Questions

Behavioral Questions是什么套路?

行为面试法是通过要求面试对象描述其过去某个工作或者生活经历的具体情况,来了解面试对象各方面素质特征的方法。行为面试法的基本假设是:一个人过去的行为可以预测这个人将来的行为。在多数情况下,HR们会根据我们回答的每一个行为面试问题而依次打分,然后在面试结束时全面的评估面试者的综合素质,最后再确定总成绩。

值得注意的是,申请entry level position的面试者因为本身没有很多工作经验,而且进入公司后也需要一定的训练,所以面试官们会通过更多behavioral questions来了解面试者。

如何反套路?


完美回答Behavioral Questions的调理有序的证明自己的demonstrate learning skills和willingness to take initiatives。简单来说,用S.T.A.R.技巧回答就能万无一失。

S (Situation):

首先我们需要描述当时的情况。比如打算举例我们做过的某个project,可以首先介绍该project的名字,内容,目标,小组有多少人等。

T (Task):

其次明确当时的任务。比如当时的任务是解决一个网页开发中遇到的问题。

A (Action):

接着我们需要解释自己的行为。比如积极寻求教授的帮助,很快的学习了某种技能等。

R (Result):

最后凸显这些行为所带来的好处。我们需要描述你采取的行为最终导致了怎样的结果,比如得到了客户的肯定,降低了5%的开销等。

3

常见的Behavior Questions问答

Tell me a little bit of yourself.

自我介绍一般可以分三个部分:教育/工作经历+与面试职位相关的技能+自我的职业目标与公司目标的关系

You might start with something like, "I recently graduated from ____ with a degree in ____" If you have any honors, slip those into this opening line as well. If you are a seasoned professional, you might try "I have been working as a ____ for ___ years." You could also provide a little personal information in your introduction, such as "I am an avid ____ musician and music lover."

After your opening, talk about your skills. Say something like, "I excel at ____ and ____." And then, offer an example of a project you worked on that demonstrates your skills in this area.

Finally, mention your career goals and offer a transition into the conversation about how you might work on those goals within the company. Say "My goal is to ____ and I am excited to discuss how your company might offer me opportunities to ____."

What are your greatest strengths?

回答strength的问题一定要结合具体公司和职位回答,根据职位的不同给出相应的strength。通常来讲,这个可以从以下三个方面来回答:第一是与面试职位直接相关的知识和技能;第二是不同工作都可适用的通用技能;第三是面试者独有的性格和特质。但要注意的是,说完每个strength后都需要举出对应的例子证明自己确实有这个strength:

Knowledge-based skills: Acquired from education and experience

(e.g., computer skills, degrees, training and technical ability).

Transferable skills: Your portable skills that you take from job to job

(e.g., communication skills analytical problem solving and planning skills)

Personal traits: Your unique qualities (e.g., dependable, flexible, friendly, hard working, expressive, formal, punctual and being a team player).

What is your biggest weakness?

如果不提前准备,这个问题会是最难以回答的问题。虽然每个人都有缺点,但在面试中并不需要把自己所有的缺点都告诉面试官。回答这个问题最好的策略就是:尽可能的降低缺点可能带来的不好影响,立即强调我们之后会采取怎样的对策来克服这一问题,最后举出例子证明这一点。

“ I may not have as much experience as others interviewing. (weakness)

However, whatever I may not have in experience, I learn quickly. Additionally, if I don’t know something, I immerse myself in it reading books or articles and conducting research. I am not afraid to ask questions and I work twice as hard if I need to. (solution)

In my last job, I didn’t have any experience in accounting but when we lost our accountant, I stepped up and took over those responsibilities and learned the role within a matter of weeks through heavy research and quick learning.” (example)

3

Technical Questions

什么是Technial Questions?

面试官通过Technical questions 来了解面试者有什么技能,以及是否满足所申请职位的要求。这一类问题通常包括了技术,工作经验,资历,工具应用。在回答时,我们既要展示自己对所需技能的掌握,也要体现自己在不同情况下能灵巧地运用技能。如果我们能举出具体例子来证明就更好了。

为了有更好的面试表现,我们可以根据自己申请的职位提前准备一些面试题目并试着回答。今天我们拿IT工作的技术型面试作为一个例子。

4


(CS Major) IT工作常见的技术型面试

能不能发现并修复Bug?

码农们所做的很多工作都是围绕着找到和修复那些从不同渠道搜集到的bug。在这类面试中,我们会得到一个需要去找到和修复的bug列表,在这个过程中,我们还需要识别其他可能存在问题的代码。

考察专业领域知识

在今天看到的大多数通用语言中,编程基本上是相同的。如果我们知道一种编程语言的面向对象编程,那么这些技能多半能够转移到另一种编程语言里。但是,这类面试的考察技是不能在语言或框架之间相互转换的。面试官将会在特定的环境下考察你在有关API、内存管理、功能和局限等专业领域知识的掌握情况。

面试官可能会让我们展示给他看我们怎么解决一个问题,又或者他们会打开自己的电脑让我们知道他们如何create code, 再或者他们会让你直接在白板上做一个编程。不管面试官用的是什么测试方法,他们最终想要测试的是我们解决问题的技能,所以不要纠结于细节,而是给他们一个完整的解决方案。

根据我们所应聘的职位或团队的不同,我们可能会有一个专门的操作系统方面的面试。在这个面试中,我们会被问到一些问题,面试官通过这些问题对你对计算机操作系统机制的理解进行评估。

Consulting 工作常见问答

市场评估能力

在咨询领域, market sizing 和 estimation是特别重要的能力。几乎所有的咨询公司在面试中都会提问市场评估题。

不管什么样的评估题,我们回答时应该先说明和解释我们的根据已知条件所提出的前提/假设,比如人口,产品使用率等等。我们对题目的逻辑分析甚至比最终答案的正确率还更重要。

以下是一些类型题:

How many airplanes leave from Boston's Logan Airport on Monday?

How many lightbulbs are there in Manhattan?

What is the market size for a cancer diagnostic technology in the U.S.?

How many passengers fly through LAX in a calendar year?

案件分析题

Case Study

在所有的咨询工作面试中,必不可少的问题就是案件分析。这种题是为了测试我们是否能有条理有技巧地处理问题。答题时证明我们能通过周全思考和分析从能找到解决问题的办法是最重要的。

类似的问题有:

Your client is a Fortune 50 aerospace and defense company interested in entering adjacent markets through organic or inorganic expansion. Which markets should she enter and how?

How would you go about advising a hypothetical client on commercializing a teleportation device that they have invented?

随机的智力题

Brainteasers/Random Knowledge

有些咨询公司会偶尔出随机的智(刁)力(钻)题。这种时候,面试官并不那么重视我们答案的正确性,而是想了解我们在压力情况下的表现。这中情况下,我们就更需要放松自己,不能中了套路。

典型的题目有:

You are sitting on a camel on the edge of the Sahara desert. How far can you see?

Who is Sancho Panza?

5

常见Techinical Questions

及 回答思路

虽然说不同工作的technical questions会有不同的针对性问题,但万变不离其宗,答题思路还是差不多的。

How familiar are you with [specific programming language]?

面对这类问题时,对自己的技能保持自信。强调一下你是如何熟练运用技能去解决各种问题的。

In most cases, your interviewer is checking if you’re comfortable with the language. You don’t need to be a senior-level expert. In fact, you want to avoid coming across as a specialist. Don’t say, “I prefer Ruby and don’t really know Java.” Instead say, “I’m really familiar with Ruby and am happy to dive into learning more Java. I love working in new languages.”

Tell me about your process of getting work done. When you get a new job or take on a new project, how do you go about doing it successfully?

每个人都有自己的思考方式和工作习惯,面试官想通过问题了解我们符不符合公司的文化,之后能否与同事有效共事等。抓住“6个P”来回答就好啦。

· Purpose – Why we do what we do

· Plan – How we do what we do

· Process – What we do to do what we do

· Persistence – What happens when what we do fails

· Persuasive communication – How we get others involved in helping what we do become successful

· Pride – How we celebrate what we do

What’s the most challenging/exciting project you have done in the past two years?

面试官往往可以通过这类问题来了解我们的工作热情和工作目标。

We should start preparing for this question long before we send out resumes, and a safe bet is to dig into each of our projects as we go to focus on what parts we’re passionate about, what motivates us, and what types of work we want to do in the future. Then, practice articulating that list, so if an interviewer asks we to explain a project from your portfolio, we will have more to say than a simple list of specs. Our answer might sound like: “I love 8-bit gaming, so I developed a C++ emulator for Chip-8. It combined my interest in digital preservation with getting to dust off my Tetris and Pac-Man skills. I’m looking forward to applying some of the C++ tricks I used to more projects in the future.”

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